What is considered a key component of substantive law?

Substantive law is fundamentally concerned with defining the rights and obligations of individuals and entities. It encompasses the actual laws that govern how members of a society interact with one another and what is considered lawful or unlawful behavior. This includes statutes, regulations, and case law that establish rights (such as the right to free speech) and obligations (such as the duty not to commit fraud).

By understanding that substantive law is about the substance of legal rights and duties, one can see why this choice is critical. It lays the groundwork for resolving legal disputes and provides the framework within which individuals and organizations operate. In contrast, the other options pertain to procedural laws and legal processes. While they are essential for the functioning of the legal system, they do not define the actual rights and obligations that substantively affect people's lives.