What are any claims, liens, charges, or liabilities attached to real property referred to as?

The correct term for claims, liens, charges, or liabilities attached to real property is "Encumbrances." This term encompasses a wide range of obligations and restrictions that can affect the ownership and use of the property. Encumbrances can include mortgages, easements, and other legal claims that might limit the owner's rights to the property or affect its value.

Understanding encumbrances is crucial in real estate because they can impact transactions, financing, and the ability to transfer ownership. For example, if a property has a lien against it, the lien must typically be satisfied before the property can be sold free and clear.

Other terms like "Restrictions" and "Hypothecation" have specific meanings within real estate and finance contexts, but they do not generally refer to the overall concept of claims or liens on property. Restrictions usually relate to limitations on what can be done with the property, while hypothecation refers to the pledging of property as security for a debt without relinquishing possession of it. Affectations is not a commonly used term in this context, making it less applicable. Thus, encumbrances is the most comprehensive and accurate description for the claims and liens associated with real property.